ประวัติการประดิษฐ์บาร์โค้ด เป็นมาอย่างไร

ถูก ประดิษฐ์ขึ้นจากฝีมือการคิดประดิษฐ์ของ Norman Joseph Woodland และ Bernard Silver สองศิษย์เก่าของ Drexel Institute of Technology ในฟิลาเดลเฟีย สหรัฐอเมริกา จุดประกายของ การประดิษฐ์บาร์โค้ด เริ่มต้นจาก Wallace Flint จาก Harvard Business School ในปี ค.ศ.1932 ซึ่งเขาได้เสนอการเลือกสินค้าที่ต้องการจากรายการ โดยใช้บัตรเจาะรู เพื่อแบ่งหมวดหมู่เดียวกัน แต่ความคิดดังกล่าวนั้นก็ไม่ได้ถูกสานต่อ

จน กระทั่ง Bernard Silver ซึ่งขณะนั้นยังเป็นนักศึกษาอยู่ เกิดบังเอิญไปได้ยินประธานบริษัทค้าปลีกสินค้าอุปโภคบริโภครายหนึ่งในเมือง ฟิลาเดลเฟีย ปรึกษากับคณบดีว่า ทางมหาวิทยาลัยน่าจะส่งเสริมให้มีการทดลองเกี่ยวกับระบบจัดเก็บและอ่าน ข้อมูลสินค้า เพื่ออำนวยความสะดวกให้กับธุรกิจค้าปลีกในการทำสต็อก และด้วยความที่ Bernard ไม่ได้ฟังแบบเข้าหูขวาทะลุหูซ้าย เขาจึงนำสิ่งที่ได้ยินกลับมาครุ่นคิด และชักชวนให้ศิษย์ผู้พี่ Norman Joseph Woodland มาร่วมกันทำฝันให้เป็นจริง

ในปี ค.ศ.1952 ทั้งคู่ก็ให้กำเนิด บาร์โค้ด หลังพยายามทดลองอยู่นานหลายปี และได้มีการออกสิทธิบัตรขึ้นในวันที่ 7 ตุลาคม ปีเดียวกันนั้นเอง โดยบาร์โค้ดชนิดแรกที่ทั้งสองผลิตขึ้นนั้น ไม่ได้เป็นลายเส้นอย่างที่เราคุ้นเคยกันในปัจจุบัน หากแต่มีลักษณะคล้ายแผ่นปาเป้าที่ประกอบด้วยวงกลมสีขาวซ้อนกันหลายวงบนพื้น หลังสีเข้ม ทว่าผลงานครั้งนั้นก็ยังไม่ถูกใจทั้งสองเท่าที่ควร แต่กระนั้น ร้านค้าปลีกในเครือ Kroger ที่เมืองซินซินนาติ มลรัฐโอไฮโอ สหรัฐอเมริกา ก็ได้นำเอาระบบบาร์โค้ดแบบแผ่นปาเป้าไปใช้เป็นแห่งแรกของโลก ในปี ค.ศ.1967

ต่อ มาได้มีการพัฒนาบาร์โค้ด และประดิษฐ์เครื่องแสกนบาร์โค้ดขึ้น โดยใช้งานเป็นครั้งแรกในโลกที่ Marsh’s ซูเปอร์มาร์เก็ต ในเดือนมิถุนายน ปี ค.ศ.1974 และ ในวันที่ 26 เดือนนั้น หมากฝรั่ง Wrigley's Juicy Fruit ก็กลายเป็นสินค้าชิ้นแรกในโลกที่ถูกสแกน บาร์โค้ด เพราะมันเป็นสินค้าชิ้นแรกที่ถูกหยิบขึ้นจากรถเข็นของลูกค้าคนแรกของร้านใน วันนั้น

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สงครามนิวเคลียร์ ที่มนุษย์ได้สร้างขึ้น

พลอากาศเอกลอร์ด การ์เดน โฆษกกระทรวงกลาโหมประจำพรรคเสรีประชาธิปไตยแห่งสหราชอาณาจักร และผู้แต่งหนังสือเรื่อง Can Deterrence Last ?

ในเชิงทฤษฎีแล้ว อาจทำลายความรุ่งเรืองของมนุษย์ แต่ในทางปฏิบัติ ผมคิดว่าอันตรายดังกล่าวอาจผ่านพ้นไปแล้ว ปัจจุบัน มี จุดที่อาจก่อให้เกิดสงครามนิวเคลียร์อยู่ 3 แห่ง ได้แก่ ตะวันออกกลาง อินเดีย-ปากีสถาน และเกาหลีเหนือ

แน่นอนว่าเกาหลีเหนือเป็นจุดที่น่าวิตกมากที่สุด เนื่อง จากมีกองทัพรูปแบบเก่าพร้อมจะลั่นไกก่อสงครามได้โดยไม่ตั้งใจ แต่ผมอยากที่จะเชื่อว่ายังมีอุปสรรคที่ขัดขวางไม่ให้ใช้อาวุธนิวเคลียร์อยู่ เนื่องจากเราได้พัฒนาระบบระหว่างประเทศที่ยับยั้งการใช้อาวุธนิวเคลียร์

ความเป็นไปได้ที่จะเกิดสงครามนิวเคลียร์ในระดับโลกนั้นต่ำมาก แม้ว่ายังมีความเป็นไปได้ว่าอาจมีประเทศนอกคอก หรือพวกหัวรุนแรงอยู่ก็ตาม

- โอกาสที่จะเกิดสงครามนิวเคลียร์ใน 70 ปีข้างหน้า : เป็นไปได้ต่ำ - ระดับอันตราย : 8

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